插件名稱	協同計劃
漏洞類型	Access control bypass
CVE編號	CVE-2025-49913
緊急	低的
CVE 發布日期	2025-11-16
來源網址	CVE-2025-49913

Urgent: Critical Advisory for WordPress Site Owners on CoSchedule Plugin Broken Access Control Vulnerability (CVE-2025-49913)

執行摘要
Security researchers have publicly disclosed a Broken Access Control vulnerability in the CoSchedule WordPress plugin, impacting all versions up to and including 3.4.0 (CVE-2025-49913). The flaw permits unauthenticated attackers to invoke privileged plugin functions, potentially leading to unauthorized actions. The vendor has addressed this vulnerability in version 3.4.1. Although the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) rates this issue as medium/low severity (5.3), the real-world risk—particularly for high-visibility or targeted WordPress sites—is significant. If your site uses this plugin, immediate update or mitigation is advised.

This briefing, authored by Managed-WP’s security team, breaks down the technical aspects into actionable intelligence. It includes clear detection methods, mitigation strategies, and immediate references to web application firewall (WAF) rules that can be deployed now to reduce exposure.

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Key Details

• 漏洞： 存取控制失效（未經身份驗證）
• 受影響版本： CoSchedule ≤ 3.4.0
• 已修補： Version 3.4.1
• CVE標識符： CVE-2025-49913
• CVSS評分： 5.3 (Medium/Low)
• 披露日期： November 16, 2025
• 攻擊向量： Unauthenticated HTTP requests to plugin REST, AJAX, or custom endpoints

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Understanding Broken Access Control in WordPress Context

Broken Access Control vulnerabilities occur when the application inadequately restricts users from accessing functionalities they shouldn’t. Specifically in WordPress plugins, this often happens when authentication or permission checks aren’t properly enforced on REST API routes, AJAX handlers, or custom endpoints.

Common misconfigurations that can lead to this vulnerability include:

• REST API routes without strict 權限回調 處理程序。
• Admin-Ajax or action hooks executing critical operations without capability checks or nonce validation.
• Public endpoints accepting parameters that trigger privileged actions without verifying the caller’s identity.

In this case, the CoSchedule plugin allows unauthenticated users to initiate actions generally reserved for authorized roles, which could include creating or modifying content or plugin settings.

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潛在攻擊場景

Consider the following realistic examples of what an attacker might do exploiting this vulnerability:

• Trigger the publication or modification of scheduled posts and social media tasks unexpectedly.
• Alter plugin configuration like webhooks or API keys, possibly redirecting content or data elsewhere.
• Create persistent scheduled jobs or cron events that maintain unauthorized access or actions over time.
• Chain this vulnerability with others to escalate privileges or install backdoors.

Given CoSchedule’s role in editorial and social scheduling workflows, rapid remediation is essential.

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How to Determine if Your Site is Vulnerable

1. Verify the plugin version:
   • Within WordPress admin: Navigate to Plugins > Installed Plugins and locate CoSchedule version.
   • Or inspect the plugin version in the main plugin PHP file, usually under wp-content/plugins/coschedule/.
2. Versions up to and including 3.4.0 are vulnerable.
3. Check your webserver and WordPress logs for suspicious unauthenticated requests targeting:
   • admin-ajax.php with action parameters related to CoSchedule (coschedule, cosch_ prefixes).
   • REST API calls containing /wp-json/coschedule/ 或類似的命名空間。
   • Unusual spikes in activity from single IPs or uncommon user agents.
4. Look for signs like:
   • Unexpected published or edited posts.
   • New scheduled Cron jobs.
   • Changed plugin options (API keys, webhook URLs).
   • Unauthorized user role or account changes.
5. Run thorough malware scans and file-integrity checks.

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Recommended Immediate Actions for Site Owners

Follow these prioritized steps to reduce exposure:

1. Update to CoSchedule 3.4.1: Apply the official security patch immediately. Test on staging if available.
2. 如果您現在無法更新：
   • Deactivate the CoSchedule plugin temporarily.
   • Implement access restrictions on plugin endpoints via firewall or server rules.
3. Harden Administrative Access:
   • 限制 /wp-admin 和 /wp-login.php access via IP whitelisting or HTTP Basic authentication where possible.
   • Enable Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) for all administrator users.
4. Deploy Virtual Patching:
   • Apply WAF rules that block unauthenticated requests to CoSchedule plugin REST and AJAX endpoints (examples provided below).
5. 加強監測：
   • Review access logs regularly for suspicious requests.
   • Run periodic malware and integrity scans.
6. 如果懷疑有妥協：
   • Isolate the site by activating maintenance mode.
   • Restore from a vetted backup taken prior to compromise.
   • Reset all admin passwords, API keys, and secrets.
   • Conduct a full forensic analysis or engage a professional incident response team.

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Example Virtual Patch and Firewall Rules

Deploy these sample rules to shield your site from known exploitation vectors. Customize based on your hosting environment.

Nginx Example Rule

# Add within server {} or location / {}
if ($request_method = POST) {
    set $block_coschedule 0;
    if ($request_uri ~* "/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php") {
        if ($http_cookie !~* "wordpress_logged_in_") {
            if ($args ~* "(^|&)action=(coschedule|cosch_[a-z0-9_]*)(&|$)") {
                set $block_coschedule 1;
            }
        }
    }
    if ($block_coschedule = 1) {
        return 403;
    }
}

Note: Evaluate for false positives if your site relies on unauthenticated AJAX frontend calls.

Apache mod_security Example

SecRule REQUEST_URI "@contains /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" 
    "phase:2,chain,deny,status:403,msg:'Block unauthenticated CoSchedule AJAX action'"
    SecRule ARGS_NAMES|ARGS "@rx ^action$" "chain"
    SecRule ARGS:action "@rx ^(coschedule|cosch_)" "chain"
    SecRule REQUEST_HEADERS:Cookie "!@rx wordpress_logged_in_" "id:1009001,severity:2"

WordPress PHP mu-plugin Virtual Patch

<?php
// mu-plugins/virtual-patch-coschedule.php
add_action( 'admin_init', function() {
    if ( defined( 'DOING_AJAX' ) && DOING_AJAX ) {
        $action = isset( $_REQUEST['action'] ) ? sanitize_text_field( wp_unslash( $_REQUEST['action'] ) ) : '';
        $blocked_prefixes = array( 'coschedule', 'cosch_' ); // customize to plugin action prefixes

        foreach ( $blocked_prefixes as $prefix ) {
            if ( stripos( $action, $prefix ) === 0 && ! is_user_logged_in() ) {
                wp_die( 'Forbidden', 'Forbidden', array( 'response' => 403 ) );
            }
        }
    }
});

This snippet acts as a short-term mitigation until the plugin update can be safely applied.

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Guidance for Developers and Plugin Maintainers

To remediate such Broken Access Control vulnerabilities, follow these secure coding practices:

1. REST API Routes: Always implement a strict 權限回調 to verify user capabilities.

   register_rest_route( 'my-plugin/v1', '/sensitive-action', array(
       'methods'  => 'POST',
       'callback' => 'my_plugin_sensitive_action_handler',
       'permission_callback' => function ( $request ) {
           return current_user_can( 'manage_options' );
       },
   ) );
       

2. Admin AJAX Handlers: 使用 檢查 Ajax 引用者() and capability checks to authenticate requests.

   add_action( 'wp_ajax_my_sensitive_action', 'my_sensitive_action_handler' );
   
   function my_sensitive_action_handler() {
       check_ajax_referer( 'my_action_nonce', 'nonce' );
       if ( ! current_user_can( 'edit_posts' ) ) {
           wp_send_json_error( 'Unauthorized', 403 );
       }
       // Proceed with authorized action
   }
       

3. Public Endpoints: Limit public endpoints to safe, read-only operations. Avoid privileged writes.
4. Default Deny: When in doubt, deny access. Grant permissions explicitly and sparingly.
5. 輸入驗證： Sanitize and validate all incoming data rigorously.
6. 記錄： Implement detailed logging for privileged endpoint access attempts.
7. 測試： Include unit and integration tests to verify unauthorized requests are blocked.

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Validating Your Mitigation

• Test on a staging environment by replicating requests akin to known exploits (never on production without proper safeguards).
• 使用類似工具 curl or Postman to send unauthorized requests and verify 403 or 401 responses.
• Example test with curl:

curl -i -X POST "https://yourdomain.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" -d "action=coschedule_test_action&param=value"

• Check logs post-test to confirm no sensitive action was executed.

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入侵指標 (IoC)

Watch for signs that the vulnerability has been exploited:

• Unexpected published or edited posts and related metadata modifications.
• New or altered scheduled WP Cron jobs linked to the plugin.
• Unexplained outbound connections or webhooks to unknown destinations.
• Creation of new user accounts or privilege escalations.
• Suspicious access log entries from unfamiliar IPs targeting plugin endpoints.
• Modified files in the plugin folder with suspicious timestamps.

If you identify compromise:

• Preserve all logs and system snapshots for forensic analysis.
• Restore from secure backups predating the incident.
• 輪換所有敏感憑證和API金鑰。
• Conduct a comprehensive malware and system scan.

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Understanding Why CVSS 5.3 May Undermine Actual Risk

The CVSS score is a technical severity metric that doesn’t fully capture organizational or operational impact. Consider that:

• The plugin’s integration with external services means API keys or webhooks can be exploited for wider data exposure.
• Sites with high traffic or strong brand recognition face a greater likelihood of targeted exploitation.
• Attackers may chain this flaw with others to escalate privileges or take complete control.

Always treat vulnerabilities like this as urgent operational risks and prioritize defense in depth strategies.

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Operational Best Practices

• Maintain a disciplined update workflow: utilize staging and testing before production deployments.
• Regularly create and verify off-site backups.
• Restrict plugin installations and updates to a trusted administrator group.
• Enable continuous monitoring and file integrity checks on WordPress core, plugins, and themes.
• Enforce role-based access and the principle of least privilege, especially for API keys and credentials.
• Mandate Two-Factor Authentication for all privileged users and enforce strong password policies.
• Leverage virtual patching with WAF solutions for rapid risk mitigation during vulnerabilities.

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The Role of Managed WordPress Firewalls

During vulnerability disclosures, there is a critical gap between vulnerability announcement and vendor patches being fully deployed across all WordPress sites. Managed WordPress firewalls fill this gap by:

• Detecting and blocking malicious request patterns before they reach vulnerable plugin code.
• Applying virtual patches targeting newly disclosed vulnerabilities without modifying site files.
• Delivering continuous monitoring and alerting to reduce risk exposure.
• Allowing site owners to maintain site availability while updates are applied in a controlled manner.

For sites unable to immediately update CoSchedule or requiring staged security measures, virtual patching is an effective interim control.

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Managed-WP Basic Protection Plan — Start Now

Immediate Managed Protection at No Cost

Recognizing that patch deployment can take time, Managed-WP offers a free Basic plan that includes essential security controls: managed WAF, malware scanning, OWASP Top 10 protections, and unlimited bandwidth. Our security experts configure rules and monitor threats to keep your WordPress site safer during incidents like this. Sign up here for free protection: https://my.wp-firewall.com/buy/wp-firewall-free-plan/

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Steps if You Suspect Your Site Was Compromised

1. Place the site in maintenance mode immediately to reduce damage.
2. Preserve all relevant logs and take filesystem snapshots for investigation.
3. Run comprehensive malware and file integrity scans.
4. Restore from a clean backup predating the compromise.
5. Update CoSchedule plugin to patched version 3.4.1 or later on the restored environment.
6. Rotate all passwords, API keys, and secrets linked to the site.
7. Audit plugin settings for unauthorized webhooks or API tokens, and revoke or replace as necessary.
8. Detect indicators of persistence such as unknown PHP files, scheduled tasks, or unauthorized user accounts.
9. If uncertainty remains or the site manages critical data, engage a professional incident response team promptly.

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Summary & Final Recommendations

• Sites running CoSchedule ≤ 3.4.0 should prioritize updating to 3.4.1 to eliminate the vulnerability.
• If immediate update is impossible, deactivate the plugin or deploy virtual patches to block unauthenticated access.
• Vigilantly monitor logs and scan for signs of breach or persistence.
• Developers should employ strict permission checks on all REST and AJAX endpoints to prevent Broken Access Control.
• Consider managed firewall services to minimize risk windows and gain expert assistance.

If you require customized mitigation playbooks, WAF rule development, or endpoint hardening assistance, our Managed-WP security team is ready to support you.

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For a personalized step-by-step action plan—including tailored WAF snippets optimized to your hosting platform (Apache or Nginx)—submit your plugin version and hosting details to us, and you’ll receive immediate guidance.

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