插件名称	PagBank / PagSeguro Connect
Type of Vulnerability	SQL 注入
CVE Number	CVE-2025-10142
Urgency	Low
CVE Publish Date	2025-09-09
Source URL	CVE-2025-10142

PagBank / PagSeguro Connect (<= 4.44.3) — Authenticated Shop Manager SQL Injection (CVE-2025-10142)

At Managed-WP, we prioritize keeping WordPress environments secure by closely monitoring vulnerability disclosures so site owners and developers can respond swiftly. A newly surfaced SQL Injection vulnerability affects the PagBank / PagSeguro Connect plugin for WooCommerce (versions <= 4.44.3) and has been assigned CVE-2025-10142. Although exploitation requires an authenticated user with Shop Manager privileges or higher, such roles are frequently assigned to store staff or contractors, making this a significant risk for ecommerce operations.

This article breaks down the nature of the vulnerability, potential attacker tactics, detection and mitigation measures you can implement immediately, developer recommendations for secure coding, incident response best practices, and how Managed-WP can help shield your site while you apply necessary updates.

Quick Summary
– Affected plugin: PagBank / PagSeguro Connect for WooCommerce versions <= 4.44.3

– Vulnerability type: Authenticated SQL Injection (Shop Manager+ access required) — CVE-2025-10142

– Fixed in: version 4.44.4 — update without delay

– Immediate mitigation if update isn’t feasible: deactivate plugin, limit Shop Manager accounts, and deploy virtual patching or Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to block exploit attempts.

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Why this Matters in Plain Terms

SQL Injection (SQLi) is a highly dangerous vulnerability where attackers supply crafted input that gets embedded into database queries unsafely, allowing them to read, modify, or delete data directly from your site’s database.

For WordPress ecommerce sites, this could expose customer credentials, order details, payment info, and potentially enable attackers to escalate privileges or completely compromise the site.

This flaw requires the attacker to be logged in as a Shop Manager or higher, which reduces risk relative to unauthenticated SQLi attacks. However, Shop Manager roles are often shared with third-party personnel or automated integrations, and account takeover methods like phishing or credential stuffing remain a prevalent risk. If a bad actor gains Shop Manager access, this vulnerability lets them run harmful SQL commands against your store database.

The CVSS rating for this vulnerability is 7.6, reflecting its significant impact given the appropriate privilege level. The actual damage depends on the specific database queries affected and your site’s authorization controls.

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Root Cause Overview (Technical)

This vulnerability stems from unsafe SQL query construction: user-supplied data is concatenated directly into SQL strings without sufficient validation or use of parameterized queries.

Typical mistakes that lead to SQLi vulnerabilities include:

• Using raw string concatenation for SQL with $wpdb instead of leveraging $wpdb->prepare.
• Failing to validate or enforce strict data types on inputs.
• Trusting administrative inputs (from forms or AJAX) without sanitization.
• Missing thorough capability checks or nonce validation for admin actions.

In this case, an attacker with Shop Manager credentials can craft input that is injected into database queries, resulting in unintended SQL execution.

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Potential Attack Scenarios

• Compromise a Shop Manager account via phishing, credential reuse, or insider threat.
• Log into the WordPress admin or trigger plugin endpoints that handle input.
• Send manipulated input to vulnerable parameters, forcing the database to execute malicious SQL.
• Extract sensitive records such as user emails, hashed passwords, orders, or payment metadata, or alter order data or settings.
• Use stolen credentials and data to escalate further or establish persistent control.

Because this exploit depends on authentication, attacks often follow account compromise rather than direct remote exploitation.

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Immediate Actions for Site Owners (Within 24 Hours)

If you operate WooCommerce stores with this plugin, prioritize these steps:

1. Update the plugin
   Acquire and apply the critical security patch in version 4.44.4. Schedule updates during low-traffic periods and validate all checkout processes post-update.
2. If immediate updating isn’t possible:
   – Temporarily deactivate the PagBank / PagSeguro Connect plugin to halt risky code execution.
   – Restrict admin area access and plugin endpoints via IP whitelisting or other access controls.
   – Remove or disable all non-essential Shop Manager accounts.
3. Enforce strong password hygiene
   Reset passwords for all Shop Manager and Administrator accounts. Consider mandatory password changes for other privileged users.
4. Activate Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)
   Implement 2FA for all accounts with elevated privileges to mitigate account takeover risks.
5. Audit for suspicious activities
   Monitor for unusual admin behavior, unexpected user role changes, or database anomalies.
6. Confirm current backups
   Take fresh, secure backups of both files and database to support investigation or rollback if necessary.
7. Communicate internally
   Alert your team about the vulnerability, update relevant credentials, and temporarily suspend access for third-party vendors until remediated.

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Detection: Key Indicators of Compromise

Look for these red flags that may suggest exploitation:

• Off-hours or unusual admin actions by Shop Manager users.
• Unexpected additions or changes to users with elevated permissions.
• SQL error messages in site or server logs.
• Requests in access logs containing SQL keywords or suspicious syntax near plugin endpoints.
• Altered database records such as orders, metadata, or settings.
• Unusual outbound traffic patterns possibly indicating data exfiltration.
• Repeated failed login attempts followed by successful ones from the same IP.

Example commands for log inspection:

• grep -Ei "union|select|information_schema|sleep\(|or 1=1" /var/log/nginx/access.log
• wp user list --role=shop_manager --format=csv
• wp user get <username> --field=roles

Note: Exercise caution to avoid false positives. Many legitimate admin pages contain terms like “select” or “union”. Focus on anomalous context or encoded payloads.

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Incident Response Recommendations

1. Isolate your WordPress site by enabling maintenance mode or restricting admin access to trusted IPs during analysis.
2. Preserve all logs, database snapshots, and relevant files without overwriting to support forensic examination.
3. Reset credentials and secrets: Update passwords for all privileged users, rotate API keys, payment secrets, and database credentials if a breach is suspected.
4. Scan for backdoors and malware using trusted tools and manual inspections to detect persistent threats.
5. Notify and comply: If sensitive data is compromised, follow legal and regulatory requirements about breach notifications.
6. Seek expert assistance if you lack in-house incident response expertise, engage professionals familiar with WooCommerce security.

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Developer Guidance: Secure Coding Practices to Prevent SQLi

If you develop plugins or themes, follow these best practices:

1. Always use $wpdb->prepare() for any SQL queries with user input to ensure safe parameter binding.
   Example unsafe code:

   $result = $wpdb->get_results("SELECT * FROM {$wpdb->prefix}pg_transactions WHERE id = $id");

   Secure equivalent:

   $result = $wpdb->get_results( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT * FROM {$wpdb->prefix}pg_transactions WHERE id = %d", intval( $id ) ) );

2. Explicitly cast and validate inputs, using intval(), absint() for integers, or whitelisting known values for enumerations.
3. Enforce capability checks and nonce verification for all admin and AJAX actions.
   Example capability check:

   if ( ! current_user_can( 'manage_woocommerce' ) ) { wp_die( 'Unauthorized' ); }

   Example nonce verification:

   check_admin_referer( 'pg_connect_action' );

4. Avoid building SQL queries with unchecked string concatenation. Instead whitelist inputs and prepare query parameters.
   Unsafe:

   $sql .= " AND status = '".$_POST['status']."'";

   Safe alternative:

   $allowed = array( 'new', 'processing', 'completed' );
   $status = in_array( $_POST['status'], $allowed, true ) ? $_POST['status'] : 'new';
   $sql = $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT * FROM ... WHERE status = %s", $status );

5. Run WordPress with a database user confined to necessary privileges, avoiding elevated rights like SUPER or FILE.
6. Review code regularly and use static analysis tools to catch unsafe patterns prior to releases.

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Examples of Secure $wpdb Usage

Secure query to retrieve an order by ID:

global $wpdb;
$order_id = isset( $_POST['order_id'] ) ? absint( $_POST['order_id'] ) : 0;

if ( $order_id <= 0 ) {
    wp_send_json_error( 'Invalid order ID', 400 );
}

$sql = $wpdb->prepare(
    "SELECT * FROM {$wpdb->prefix}posts WHERE ID = %d AND post_type = %s",
    $order_id,
    'shop_order'
);

$order = $wpdb->get_row( $sql );

Secure AJAX admin handler skeleton:

add_action( 'wp_ajax_my_plugin_action', 'my_plugin_action_handler' );

function my_plugin_action_handler() {
    if ( ! current_user_can( 'manage_woocommerce' ) ) {
        wp_send_json_error( 'Insufficient privileges', 403 );
    }

    check_admin_referer( 'my_plugin_nonce_action' );

    $param = isset( $_POST['param'] ) ? sanitize_text_field( wp_unslash( $_POST['param'] ) ) : '';

    if ( strlen( $param ) > 255 ) {
        wp_send_json_error( 'Invalid input', 400 );
    }

    // Use $wpdb->prepare and other secure handling for DB interactions here.
    wp_send_json_success( array( 'ok' => true ) );
}

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Virtual Patching and WAF Rules — Immediate Protection

If updating immediately isn’t an option, Managed-WP recommends implementing virtual patches via WAF to intercept and block exploit traffic targeting this vulnerability. Virtual patching inspects incoming requests and denies those containing typical SQL injection payloads before execution.

Consider the following approaches:

1. Block suspicious payloads on plugin endpoints using targeted WAF rules that scan parameters for SQL keywords (e.g., union, select, information_schema).
2. Use carefully crafted regex patterns to detect common SQLi tokens, while minimizing false positives by limiting scope to affected plugin URLs.
3. Example mod_security rule (conceptual):
   
SecRule REQUEST_URI "@contains /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" "chain,deny,log,msg:'Block SQLi to admin-ajax for PagBank',id:1234561"
SecRule ARGS|ARGS_NAMES|REQUEST_HEADERS "@rx (?i:(?:union|select|information_schema|concat|sleep\(|benchmark\())" "chain"
SecRule ARGS_NAMES "@contains pagbank|pagseguro|pg_connect_action"

4. Implement rate limiting and IP filtering on admin POST requests to curtail brute force and exploit attempts.

重要的： Virtual patches are a temporary safeguard and should complement, not replace, official plugin updates. Always test WAF rules thoroughly to avoid disrupting legitimate user activities.

Managed-WP offers managed WAF signatures incorporating virtual patching for this vulnerability, helping stores stay protected with minimal operational overhead until updates are applied.

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Hardening and Prevention Recommendations

1. Apply the Principle of Least Privilege
   Grant Shop Manager access only to trusted personnel. Use more granular roles or capabilities where possible.
2. Restrict Admin Area Access
   Limit access by IP, employ secure access gateways, and enforce two-factor authentication across all privileged accounts.
3. Monitor Logs and Enable Alerts
   Establish monitoring for anomalous admin activities, failed logins, and suspicious requests.
4. Maintain Up-to-date Plugins
   Subscribe to security update alerts and enable auto-updates for non-critical components where feasible.
5. Use Staging for Testing
   Test all updates and patches in staging before rolling out to production.
6. Manage Plugin Inventory
   Keep track of installed WooCommerce extensions and remove any unused plugins.
7. Conduct Security Code Reviews
   Perform regular audits of custom and third-party code to identify and remediate unsafe database usage.

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Managing Third-Party Integrations and Staff Access

• Revoke access credentials for any third-party vendors no longer requiring access.
• Rotate API keys and integration secrets post-incident.
• Assign lower-privilege accounts to third-party staff wherever possible for routine administration.

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Signs You May Have Been Exploited via This Vulnerability

Watch for:

• SQL error messages recorded in logs.
• Unexpected modifications or extraction of database entries such as orders or customer data.
• Increase in exported CSV files or admin data exports.
• Evidence of outbound connections or uploads potentially signaling data exfiltration.
• New or altered admin-level users or posts created by Shop Manager accounts without a clear legitimate reason.

If you detect these indicators, follow the incident response steps immediately and consider engaging professional forensic services.

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The Importance of Both Patching and Virtual Patching

• Official Updates: Updating the plugin is the definitive fix addressing the root cause. Always prioritize applying the vendor’s patch.
• 虚拟修补： Acts as an interim defense by intercepting exploit attempts when immediate updating is impossible due to operational constraints.

Managed-WP provides a combination of managed virtual patching and hassle-free upgrade support to ensure WooCommerce stores remain secure with minimal downtime.

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常见问题

Q: Can this vulnerability be exploited remotely without logging in?
A: No. It requires authenticated access with Shop Manager privileges or higher. However, since these accounts are often targeted through phishing or credential reuse, risk remains substantial.

Q: Can an attacker leverage this SQLi to execute arbitrary server commands?
A: Direct command execution via SQL Injection is rare in WordPress contexts, but attackers can escalate by stealing credentials or planting backdoors in the database. Treat confirmed SQLi as a critical threat and conduct full investigations.

Q: If I have updated the plugin, should I still scan my site?
A: Yes. Updating prevents new exploits, but you should verify no malicious activity occurred prior to the patch and no backdoors remain.

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Get Baseline Protection with Managed-WP Security Plans

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• Managed firewall, unlimited bandwidth, WAF, malware scanning, and coverage against OWASP Top 10 threats.
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If you require automated remediation, comprehensive IP controls, or advanced virtual patching, explore our Standard and Pro plans.

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Recommended Checklist

Immediate (Within Hours)

• Update PagBank / PagSeguro Connect to version 4.44.4 or later.
• If update isn’t possible, deactivate the plugin or apply targeted WAF rules.
• Reset passwords for Shop Manager and Administrator accounts.
• Enable two-factor authentication for all privileged users.

Short-Term (1–3 Days)

• Review and audit user roles, removing unnecessary Shop Manager permissions.
• Run malware and indicators of compromise scans on files and database.
• Ensure backups are recent, secure, and stored offline.
• Apply rate limiting and access restrictions on admin endpoints.

Medium-Term (1–4 Weeks)

• Audit installed plugins/extensions; remove unused ones.
• Implement organization-wide password policies and 2FA.
• Schedule periodic code reviews for custom and third-party components.
• Engage automated protection services featuring virtual patching.

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Closing Remarks

SQL Injection remains among the most critical and damaging WordPress vulnerabilities due to its potential to compromise data and control. Even when requiring authentication, the widespread use of privileged roles among staff and third parties makes vigilance essential.

We strongly recommend treating the PagBank / PagSeguro Connect vulnerability with urgency: update to version 4.44.4 immediately. If operational constraints delay upgrades, deploy virtual patches and strengthen access controls as described.

For stores without current protection, Managed-WP’s security plans provide continuous managed WAF, malware scanning, and expert support to help maintain resilient defenses.

Stay safe, enforce least privilege, and keep your plugins current.

— The Managed-WP Security Team

References & Further Reading

• CVE-2025-10142 official advisory
• Vendor fix: PagBank / PagSeguro Connect plugin update version 4.44.4
• WordPress development best practices: use $wpdb->prepare(), capability checks, nonces, and input whitelisting for secure SQL queries